[Aztlan] Maya exhibit opens at the Met

[michael ruggeri]

Metropolitan Opens Treasures of Sacred Maya Kings


NEW YORK.-Treasures of Sacred Maya Kings – opening at The  
Metropolitan Museum of Art today, on June 13, 2006 – will explore the  
growth of the concept of divine kingship among ancient Maya peoples.  
Featuring some 150 objects – from large-scale relief sculpture in  
stone to small precious pieces of worked jade – the exhibition will  
display the grandiose ambitions of earthly rulers when they  
transformed themselves into gods. Dating principally from 200 B.C. to  
600 A.D., the works in the exhibition are lent primarily from public  
collections in Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras, as well as from  
collections in Europe and the United States. Emphasis will be placed  
on recently excavated objects that will be on view for the first time  
in the United States. Notable among them are pieces from the renowned  
Maya sites of Calakmul in Mexico, Tikal in Guatemala, and Copan in  
Honduras. Maya jade objects discovered in tombs in the famous Pyramid  
of the Moon at Teotihuacan – the contemporary but distant central  
Mexican city – will also be included.

The exhibition was organized by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.  
The national tour is sponsored by Televisa. In New York, the  
exhibition is supported by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.  
Additional support is provided by the Friends of the Department of  
the Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas. The exhibition is also  
made possible in part by generous grants from the National Endowment  
for the Humanities and by the National Endowment for the Arts.

Based on an inherited tradition for interaction between royalty and  
supernatural powers, Maya kings of the early centuries of the Common  
Era portrayed themselves in the roles and costumes of deities and  
elaborated sacred imagery on all manner of works of art. The recent  
increase in the scholarship on the ancient Maya allows for a much  
more detailed examination of this important period in their history.  
At a time when the hereditary rulers of city-states were sustained by  
the prosperity gained by maize agriculture, they surrounded  
themselves with a cultivated nobility. They held forth in courts that  
included artists, architects, scribes, astronomers, diviners,  
courtiers, and servants of all sorts. The titles of many a Maya king,  
or "Lord" (ajaw), his wife, his subordinates, and his enemies are  
known today, as are details of his lives, his times, and his treasures.

In the Exhibition - The exhibition will include stone sculpture in a  
number of forms, from large commemorative monuments, or stelas, to  
small precious works of jade, a material of infinite value to all  
ancient Mesoamerican peoples, and one principally used for the  
fabrication of personal ornaments. Ceramic sculpture will have a  
solid presence in the exhibition, appearing in a variety of shapes  
and encompassing numerous lidded vessels of diverse sorts – large  
cache vessels often embellished with complex iconographic schemes and/ 
or further covered with stuccoed surfaces, and smaller, more  
intimately scaled examples reproducing natural forms. Ceramic censers  
in human form, bowls with complex relief images, and vessels in the  
shapes of deities are included. Bone and shell were used widely in  
ancient times for everything from object handles to personal  
ornaments, examples of which will be on view. Works in jade will also  
be well represented. Invariably green in color, Maya jade objects are  
in the form of celts, beads, plaques, pendants, and three-dimensional  
sculpture, their hard and polishable surfaces decorated with delicate  
incised patterns, low relief images, hieroglyphic inscriptions, and  
even narrative scenes.

Depictions of Maya Lords - Maya lords themselves will be represented  
in the exhibition. They appear on stone sculpture as standing profile  
figures, elegantly arrayed as deities. The 76-inch-tall granite  
relief, a commemorative monument known as Stela 11(Museo Nacional de  
Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala City) from the highland site of  
Kaminaljuyu (Guatemala), is one of the earliest such Maya images,  
dating to the last centuries of the first millennium B.C. This well- 
preserved sculpture illustrates the necessary elaborateness of  
costume and accoutrements required for the kingly role in ritual  
performance. Wearing a wide belt with a great down-curving beaked  
profile at the center, the figure supports a stacked helmet mask with  
the same profiles. The great beak is associated with a divinity known  
rather prosaically to modern scholars as the Principal Bird Deity. He  
is presented in Maya myth as a brilliant emanation of early light, or  
sun. The transformed king in his deity regalia is placed between the  
earth symbol below his feet and the bird of the heavens at the top of  
the stela. The Kaminaljuyu lord is portrayed as the universal bridge  
between the heavens and earth.

Kingly images in other materials will also be included, such as the  
Censer with Seated King (The Metropolitan Museum of Art), the fourth- 
to-fifth-century ceramic sculpture in a shape of a cross-legged lord  
holding a small tray of offerings out in front of him. The rising of  
smoke from such censers honored deified ancestors in rituals.  
Funerary masks encrusted with jade are considered the last  
"portraits." A Funerary Mask (Museo Histórico Fuerte de San Miguel,  
Campeche) from Calakmul displays the type. Calakmul, in the interior  
lowlands of the Mexican state of Campeche, was a powerful Maya city  
from the first to the ninth century.

Source of Maya Traditions - One section of the exhibition will be  
devoted to the source of the inherited traditions upon which the Maya  
kings elaborated. In the early first millennium B.C., the Olmec  
peoples of the Mexican Gulf Coast were the first to portray their  
rulers as divinities. Olmec imagery is presented as background to the  
Maya works in the exhibition.

Exhibition Catalogue and Tour - The exhibition is accompanied by the  
catalogue Lords of Creation: The Origins of Sacred Maya Kingship.

The exhibition was on view at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art  
and is currently at the Dallas Museum of Art (February 12 – May 7,  
2006). It will open at the Metropolitan Museum on June 13, 2006.

Organization Credit - The exhibition was organized by Virginia M.  
Fields, Curator of Pre-Columbian Art, Los Angeles County Museum of  
Art, with Dorie Reents-Budet of the National Museum of Natural  
History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. In New York,  
Treasures of Sacred Maya Kings will be organized by Julie Jones,  
Curator in Charge of the Department of the Arts of Africa, Oceania,  
and the Americas at the Metropolitan Museum.


Mike Ruggeri's Ancient America Museum Exhibitions, Conferences and  
Lectures
http://community-2.webtv.net/Topiltzin-2091/AncientAmerica/index.html